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Using a VPN is a great way to protect your internet traffic when you are traveling, but it's not a solution for encrypting your local files. .

When the FBI needed information from the San Bernardino shooter's iPhone, they asked Apple to get a back door to get beyond the encryption. However, no such back door existed, and Apple refused to make one. The FBI needed to employ hackers to get into the phone.

Why wouldn't Apple help Because the moment a rear door or comparable hack exists, it becomes a target, a decoration for the bad guys. It'll leak sooner or later. In a talk at Black Hat this past summer, Apple's Ivan Krstic revealed that the company has done something similar in their cryptographic servers.

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Apple can't update thembut the poor guys can't get in either. .

All of the products in this roundup explicitly say they have no back door, and that is as it ought to be. It will mean that if you encrypt an essential document and then forget the encryption password, then you have lost it for good.

Back in the day, in the event that you wanted to keep a document key you can use a cipher to encrypt it and then burn the original. Or you might lock it up in a protected. The two main approaches in encryption utilities parallel with these options.

One sort of product simply procedures files and folders, turning them into impenetrable encrypted versions of these. The other creates a virtual disc that, when open, acts like any other drive on your system. When you lock the digital drive, each of the documents you put into it are completely inaccessible. .

Like the digital drive solution, a few goods save your encrypted information in the cloud. This approach requires extreme care, obviously. Encrypted information in the cloud has a much larger attack surface than encrypted data on your own PC.

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Which is better It really depends on how you plan to use encryption. If you're not sure, take advantage of this 30-day free trial provided by each of those products to have a sense of the different options.

After you copy a file into protected storage, or create an encrypted version of it, then you absolutely need to wipe the unencrypted original. Just deleting it isn't sufficient, even if you bypass the Recycle Bin, because the data still exists on disc, and data retrieval utilities can often return back. .

Some encryption products avoid this issue by encrypting the document in place, literally overwriting it on disc using an encrypted version. It's more common, though, to offer safe deletion as an option. If you choose something that lacks this feature, you should find a free secure deletion tool to use along with it. .

Overwriting data before deletion is sufficient to balk software-based retrieval tools. Hardware-based forensic retrieval functions because the magnetic recording of information on a hard drive isn't actually digital. It's more of a waveform. In simple terms, the procedure involves nulling out the known data and reading around the edges of what is left.

An encryption algorithm is like a black box. Dump a document, picture, or other file into it, and you get back what seems like gibberish. Run that gibberish back through the box, using the same password, and you get back the original.

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The U.S. government has depended on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) as a standard, and all of the merchandise accumulated here support AES. Even the ones that support other algorithms tend to recommend using AES.

If you're an encryption specialist, you might prefer another algorithm, Blowfish, possibly, or even the Soviet government's GOST. For the average user, however, AES is just fine.

Passwords are important, and you have to keep them secret, right Well, not when you use Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) cryptography.

With PKI, you get two keys. One is public; you can share it with anyone, register it in a key exchange, tattoo it on your foreheadwhatever you like. The other is private, and should be carefully guarded. If I want to send you a secret document, I just encrypt it with your public key.

Simple! .

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Using this system in reverse, you can create an electronic signature which proves your document came from you and hasn't been modified. How Just click this link encrypt it with your private key. The fact your public key decrypts it is all of the evidence you need. PKI support is less common than support for traditional symmetric algorithms. .

If you want to talk about a file with someone and your encryption application doesn't support PKI, there are different options for sharing. Many products allow creation of a self-decrypting executable file. You could also find that the recipient can use a free, decryption-only tool.